Impact of Mineral Fertilizer (NK) and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Spraying on the Development and Yield of Various Wheat Cultivars in the Central Region of Iraq

Abstract

    During the growing season of 2021–2022, an experiment was carried out in central Iraq's Al-Qadisiyah province to find out how productive the wheat crops Baghdad 3, Babylon 113, and Al-Furat were when they were fertilized with gibberellic acid and macro elements. The recommended fertilizers were 20 kg ha-1 of triple superphosphate and 156 kg ha-1 of urea. Three different types of fertilization were used: T1 was a control treatment, T2 had 75 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid at a concentration of macro elements, and T3 had 150 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid at a concentration of mono and dilute elements. The data indicate that 425 mm of water is used during the year. Gibberellic acid and a fertilizer mixture (balanced mineral fertilizer and microelements) sprayed onto plants at various growth phases produced noticeable changes in spike length, leaf area, and plant height. In this experiment, the integrated fertilizer combination of gibberellic acid, triple superphosphate fertilizer (20 kg ha-1), and urea fertilizer (156 kg ha-1) was successful in spraying microelements, nitrogen, and potassium before planting. The overall wheat yield in the Baghdad 3 cultivar was (3900 kg ha-1 and 3664 kg ha-1) after T2 with T3 fertilization treatments, respectively, compared to 2664 kg ha-1 after T1 treatment. Comparing the Babylon113 cultivar to one treated with T1 fertilization (2500 kg ha-1), the weight of the overall yield rose with fertilization treatments T2 (3664 kg ha-1) and T3 (3920 kg ha-1). Total wheat yield rose from (1832 kg ha-1) with treatment T1 to (2500 kg ha-1) and (3460 kg ha-1) with fertilization treatments T2 with T3, in the Al-Furat cultivar.