Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on Sperm Function and Early Embryonic Development Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: A review Study

Abstract

At last 30 years, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been efficiently permitted the treatment of some male factor infertility. They used intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was routinely applied in many fertility laboratories around the world. An integral part of these techniques is the manipulation of sperm in preparation of the injection into the oocyte. It is common practice to place prepared spermatozoa in a high viscous holding medium to facilitate the handling, manipulation and slowdown of spermatozoon movement during the immobilization and injection processes of ICSI. The possible effect of these holding media on basic semen parameters, the sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and structural integrity of spermatozoa, is of importance as well. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been used successfully in ICSI to facilitate the handling and immobilization of sperm for both domestic animals and human. Recently, PVP solution exists locally in embryos injected during the early developmental period. It is also exerting influence over the developmental capacity of such embryos. In other hand, PVP has been causes significantly damage to sperm membranes that can be detected by transmission electron microscopy. It has been associated with chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancy derived from ICSI embryos. In some Japanese clinics, PVP-free media has been used for sperm immobilization in order to optimize the safety. Consequently, it is strongly suggested that the success rate of fertilization and clinical pregnancy could be improved by using PVP-free solution for ICSI. In conclusion, interpretation of the available data is to perform ICSI without PVP or select a lower concentration of PVP solution in order to reduce safety for pregnancy and children born via ICSI. The study aims to review the effect of PVP upon sperm function and embryonic development in some of farm animals and human.