The effect of plant densities and cultivars on yield characateristics and compoents of faba bean (vicia fabal.)

الملخص

The experimental panels were fertilized collectively with triple superphosphate fertilizer (21% P) at a rate of 35 kg P ha-1 (Ali, 2012), while nitrogen fertilizer in the form of urea (46% N) was added at a rate of 50 kg N ha-1 (Ali et al., 2014), divided into two applications: the first at planting and the second at the beginning of flowering. Planting was done on 3/11/2021 by manually sowing seeds in rows at a depth of 5 cm with three seeds per hill, then thinning to one plant per hill after plants reached the two-leaf stage. Crop management services including irrigation, weeding, and fertilization were performed as needed, and harvesting was conducted upon signs of maturity. The study results showed the following: The New Zealand variety excelled in individual plant yield, achieving the highest average of 70.56 g plant^-1. This variety also outperformed in other traits such as grain weight (161.47 g), 100-seed weight (152.50 g), and number of seeds per pod (3.62 seeds pod^-1), with a total plant yield of 6.27 tons ha^-1. On the other hand, the Spanish variety excelled in the number of pods per plant with 17.69 pods plant^-1. There was a significant interaction between plant densities and varieties. The local variety excelled in seed number per pod at density D2, reaching 5.33 seeds pod-1, while the Spanish variety excelled at density D1 in the number of pods per plant with 19.47 pods plant-1. The Dutch variety outperformed at density D1 in individual plant yield (90.13 g plant^-1), pod length at density D3 (16.60 cm), and total yield at density D1 (9.01 tons ha^-1). Plant density D2 excelled in seed number per pod (3.91 seeds pod^-1), pod weight (194.05 g), and dry plant weight (731.85 g plant^-1. From this study, it can be concluded that: Plant densities D1, D2, and D3 differed significantly in the studied traits. The New Zealand variety is suitable for the prevailing environmental conditions in the central region at the study site, especially due to its superior total seed yield of 6.27 tons ha^-1, attributed to its performance in yield-related traits such as pod number, seed number per pod, pod weight, and 100-seed weight.