Production of plant pharmaceutical compounds in laboratory : (Article review)

Abstract

Plants are the major source of essential secondary metabolites (SM), which are compound that medicinally useful for drug discovery and the treatment of numerous diseases moreover, these bioactive compounds are commonly used by the plants to perform various important functions, such as defense against herbivores and resistance to abiotic stress and diseases. Due to overexploitation, these medicinal plants are threatened with extinction. Therefore, there is an urgent need to manufacture plant-derived bioactive compounds on a commercial scale using unconventional methods to meet the needs of the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. This review article highlight the current advancements and future approaches for the production of secondary metabolites using pharmaceutical techniques such as plant tissue culture and genetic engineering represents a transformative approach to meet the growing demand for these valuable compounds. It is also summarizes the advanced in vitro culture techniques, such as callus culture, cell suspension culture, and bioreactor systems, provide controlled environments that enhance the yield and quality of metabolites. These approaches overcome the limitations of seasonal and environmental variability associated with conventional agriculture. As well as the importance of  genetic engineering techniques which has revolutionized the field by enabling precise manipulation of biosynthetic pathways through gene cloning and metabolic engineering.