Study UVI, ozone Column and AOD and Investigate the Change in Its values Between a Dust Storm Day and a Calm Day Over Baghdad in 2021

Abstract

     This study examines the daily variations and interactions of aerosol optical depth (AOD), total vertical ozone (O₃), and UV index (UVI) in 2021 to assess their impact on surface UV radiation.  The findings indicate that aerosol loading has a major impact on UV transmission, and that greater AOD values diminish surface UVI by increasing scattering and absorption.  However, when solar radiation is significant, aerosol absorption may indirectly contribute to ozone generation by boosting lower troposphere temperature.  Total vertical ozone continues to serve an important protective role by reducing UV light, and seasonal ozone depletion is regularly related with increased UVI levels. Spring was characterized by moderate to high UVI, as well as increases in AOD and O₃, indicating enhanced photochemical activity.  In contrast, summer has reduced aerosol and ozone loads, resulting in generally steady ultraviolet (UV) values that are mostly controlled by humidity and cloud cover.  Winter, on the other hand, is distinguished by a consistent reduction in UV light, little photochemistry, and decreased aerosol concentrations.  UV radiation has been demonstrated to correlate with both aerosol optical characteristics and ozone column height, indicating its value as an indicator for monitoring air quality, detecting climatic feedback mechanisms, and calculating the danger of human UV exposure. During a dust storm, the number of aerosols in the atmosphere increases dramatically.  These particles in the air help to absorb and disperse sunlight.  As a result, the AOD increases considerably during a dust storm.