The effect of some treatments on development, growth and differentiation of chinese clove ( Dianthus chinensis L) callus and the accumulation of some secondary compounds

Abstract

      Experiment was conducted in tissue culture laboratory of Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, for the period 2022-2023 to develop callus from the Chinese clove plant (Dianthus chinensis L). The callus was developed from seedlings resulting from tissue culture, experiment was carried out according to design RCD.Parts of a real leaf were grown on MS medium supplemented with the growth regulator dichlorophenoxy acid (2,4-D) at concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) mg.L^-1 mixed with Kinin (0.5) mg.L^-1. Results of callus induction showed significant differences in the volume of callus at a concentration of 1.5 mg L^-1, which gave highest callus volume of 1,550 g. As for wet weight, the concentration of 1 mg L^-1 achieved highest wet weight of 1,364 g, while the concentration achieved  2 mg L^-1 highest percentage of callus-forming parts.With regard to callus stimulation, it was found that addition of different concentrations of  jasmonic acid (0, 25, 50, 75 µmol ) mixed with sorbitol acid at concentrations ( 0, 20 mg L^-1 ) gave a significant increase in studied characteristics (wet weight, callus volume, weight dry) as treatment JA₂ at a concentration of 25 multiplicationes and SOR₂ at a concentration of  20 mg L^-1  achieved highest values for studied traits. Some secondary metabolic compounds were estimated from the callus leaves of Chinese clove plant resulting from tissue culture, and their percentages were compared with the use of growth regulators at different concentrations. It was found that adding jasmonic acid at a concentration of 75 multiplication with sorbitol acid at a concentration of 20 mg L^-1 recorded   best amount of active substances ( Eugenol) , Caryophyllene, Terpinen, Linalool, Pinen) were (63.33,  27.50,  2.50,  2.00,  2.70% ), respectively.