Study the formation of organo-mineral complexes in the southern Iraqi marshes soils using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques

Abstract

    This study was conducted to ascertain the nature of the presence of organic-mineral complexes and their impact on the availability of some of the trace elements namely copper, iron and manganese in some of Iraq's southern marshlands. Six pedons were selected for sites for the marshland where the sites included Al-Ahrar. (Wasit governorate) represented by one soil Bedon in Hor al-Delmaj, ALmsharah (Misan Governorate) represented by two soil pedons  , the first is located in Hur Al-Azim 1, the second in Hur Al-Sanaf, and the Al-Kahla (Misan governorate) Represented by one pedon soil located within Hor Umm Na 'aj, and two pedons in AL Kalaat Saleh(Misan governorate) the first is located in Hor Al-Taraba and the second pedon is located in Hor Al-Sodda. The pedons were numbered from 1-6. According to the above sequence, some of the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples of the six pedons were determined. The x-ray diffraction technique was used to examine selected models of studied pedons that included a sample of a surface horizon and a sample of a subsurface horizon. The results showed the appearance of a set of peaks reflecting the proportions of the presence of clay minerals in studied pedons. Biotite mineral appeared at 4.8-5 A in all pedons. The results of prevalent X-ray examinations included some regular interstratified minerals. The regular interstratified mineral appeared Mica-Smectite at 12 A as well as regular interstratified Mica-Chlorite. The variability in the values of the peaks between the studied samples was reflected in the minerals to different degrees of weathering. Use the scanning electron microscope to examine selected samples of clay separated particles for some horizons of studied pedon soil.