Physiological and productive response of Vigna radiata L. to the NPK levels and boron foliar application

Abstract

A field experiment was applied at College of Agriculture, University of Wasit, 2025. The aim of study was to determine the effect of different levels of NPK and boron applied as a foliar spray on mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). The NPK concentration (20-20-20) was used in treatments (F0-F3) at concentrations of (0-10-20-30) ml/L, while the boron concentration (B0-B3) was used in treatments (B0-B3) at concentrations of (0-50-100-150) ml/L. The RCBD experiment was designed as a factorial experiment. The results showed that the highest average concentrations were 30 ml/L for grain yield, biological yield, yield index, and the percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the leaves (2.442 t ha⁻¹, 4.221 t ha⁻¹, 87.27%, 2.842%, 0.481%, and 1.955%, respectively). The highest results were recorded for foliar boron application at a concentration of 150 ml/L for grain yield, biological yield, yield index, and leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content (1.824 t ha⁻¹, 2.727 t ha⁻¹, 77.26%, 2.587%, 0.440%, and 1.76%, respectively). These results allowed researchers to identify how plant growth indicators change when using different levels of NPK nanofertilizers and to determine the interaction effect of NPK nanofertilizers and boron on growth indicators and yield enhancement, ultimately identifying the optimal and most cost-effective formulation.