Agronomic performance yield stability and principal component analysis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under two rainfed environments

Abstract

The stable varieties discover high yield and under rainfed settings, it is necessary to review performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes patterns in response to different environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to Assessing apparent diversity and field performance of chickpea genotypes cultivated in Talaskef and Rabia, the two rainfed settings in the northern Iraq, during the 2025–2026 growing season. Used three repetitions were at each site on the randomize completes block design (R.C.B.D.) experiment. Agricultural characteristics were evaluated, Like this vegetative growth parameters, seed yield, and seed composition. Additionally, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigated the relationships between genetic diversity and characteristics.  The most of the qualities under study were shown to be significantly impacted by region, genotype, and their interaction to factors environmental. Because of more ideal environmental conditions for chickpea growing, the Rabia location produced noticeably best biological and seed yields than the Talaskef location. Rafidian variety performed exceptionally well among the genotypes that were evaluated, it produced the high harvest index and seed yield, in addition superior performance in number of production components at both locations, demonstrating its high stability and broad adaptability under rainfed conditions. Quadrate the Principal Component Analysis, in the Talaskef and Rabia location, the first two principal components PC1 and PC2 accounted for 86.55% and 80.58% of the total data, respectively, strong relationships were found between variety productid and biological product, alone index, number of pods, and variety. These results highlight of environmental multi evaluation in identify chickpea genotypes with high adapt ability and consistent performance is highlighted in these findings. The Rafidian genotype is a major genetic resource for upcoming chickpea breeding and development initiatives, it has shown itself to be one of most promising types for cultivation under rainfed circumstances in northern Iraq.