Genetic analysis of flowering and physiological maturity traits by Generation Mean Analysis of four hybrids maize (Growth Criteria )

Abstract

      To determine the relative number of components of genetic variation and the forms of superiority interactions by analyzing the average generations of maize hybrids that differ in flowering and maturity times. A field experiment was carried out at the Field Crops Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriyah to estimate the components of genetic action, the genetic and superiority effects and their interactions that control the inheritance of field traits of the selected inbred lines and their resulting hybrids using generation mean analysis. Five pure inbreed lines of maize (ZA17WR, Zi17WZ, ZM74, ZM19, and ZM49W3E) were selected from fifteen inbreed lines with different flowering and maturity times in the spring season of 2019 and were multiplied according to the target (early x early, late x early, early x late, and early x early) in the season the second fall (2019). Genetic analysis was done using scaling test and analysis for the six criteria, according to what Mather and Jinks (1982) mentioned for the traits of number of leaves, leaf area index, The number of days from planting until 90% physiological maturity, crop growth rate, dry weight of the plant, grain yield per unit area, and harvest index. The results of the genetic analysis of the scaling analysis showed a significant difference for the four criteria A, B, C, and D depending on the trait and the difference in hybrids.This was reflected in the significance of the dominant and additional effects and their superior interactions. The first and third hybrids showed a dominant effect and the fourth was additional, while the second hybrid did not show any effect on the trait of the number of leaves. The type of interference was of the doubled type. In the fourth hybrid, the hybrid showed a dominant effect and the type of superior interference was complementary due to similarity Indication of dominant genetic action with non-allelic overlap (dominant × dominant. The reference is to the dominant genetic action with non-allelic interference (dominant).As for the traits of leaf area index, number of days from planting, up to 90% physiological maturity, and crop growth rate, the dominant influence had the greatest role in inheriting these traits. While the second hybrid was unique. In the third and fourth, the additional effect had the largest role in the inheritance of the grain yield trait per unit area, while the first and second hybrids had a dominant effect of the double type, and the third and fourth hybrids had an additional effect of the complementary type. We conclude from the above that host and non-host genetic action controls the inheritance of the yield trait and some traits. Therefore, we recommend using the reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) method.