Effect type of tillage and soil mulching on some physical soil and Consumptive Use on Broccoli

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in sandy clay mixture soil at the Research Station of the College of Agriculture - Anbar University to study the effect of the type of tillage and soil mulching on some soil characteristics, water consumption and broccoli yield, this experiment was designed according to the design of splinter panels with three repeaters consisting of two factors: the first is three-level tillage (zero tillage, minimal tillage and conventional tillage) and the second is three-level mulching (no coverage, polyethylene and reed). Broccoli seedlings were planted on 15/10/2022 and service operations were conducted for the crop and the experiment continued until the plant was extracted on 1/3/2023, the moisture and salt distribution, the percentage of sodium adsorption, water consumption, ready water and water use efficiency were measured, it was observed that moisture foci formed when zero tillage and when not mulching and mulching with polyethylene after depth 0.25 m and after the distance 0.15 m at mid-season, A significant decrease in the salt content of the T1M1 and T2M1 treatments  was obtained at 0.10-0.15 m at 1.6d M and 0.10-0.20 m at 1 dB M-1 respectively , It was noted that there was a decrease in the percentage of adsorbed sodium when conventional tillage and zero tillage amounted to 16.67, and there was a significant decrease when mulching with polyethylene, as it amounted to 0.69, with a significant decrease of 42.48%, the highest value of water consumption was observed in zero tillage, followed by conventional tillage respectively 175.8, 158.1 mm, and the highest value of water consumption when mulching with polyethylene and reeds amounted to 167.6 and 154.9 m with significant increase rates of 26.68. 17.08%. The highest ready water at the T0M1 treatment was 12.77% based on volume, conventional tillage and reed mulching in the flower yield, wet weight quotient and biological yield outperformed 53.13,  152.24, 99.11tons ha-1 respectively,compared to the comparison treatment,the minimum tillage at the water use efficiency of the flower yield, wet weight quotient and biological yield outperformed the rest of the treatments with an increase of 98.9, 40 and 40.6% respectively A decrease in the efficiency of water use of the flower yield was observed when mulching, as the percentage of decrease was 8.04, 27.9% when mulching with polyethylene and reeds, respectively, and an increase in the efficiency of water use for the wet weight and biological yield when mulching with reeds, as the increase rate reached 57.5 and 45.5% respectively.